Processor-Input/Output − The data can be transferred to or from a peripheral device by the transfer between a processor and an I/O device.Processor-memory − The data sent from the processor to memory or from memory to processor.

The data transfer for implementation takes place in two methods are as follows − The processor reads the instruction and executes the important procedures. This instruction is loaded onto the instruction register. Next, the PC is incremented to display the address of the next instruction. The processor fetches the instruction from the memory that is pointed by the PC. The address instruction to be implemented is held at the program counter. The figure shows the phases contained in the instruction cycle.Īs display in the figure, the halt condition appears when the device receive turned off, on the circumstance of unrecoverable errors, etc. Therefore, the cycle continues until a Halt condition is met.

It can read the effective address from memory if the instruction has an indirect address.Īfter the following four procedures are done, the control switches back to the first step and repeats the similar process for the next instruction.

In the basic computer, each instruction cycle includes the following procedures −

The program is implemented on the computer by going through a cycle for each instruction. A program consisting of the memory unit of the computer includes a series of instructions.

What computer programs for architecture